Lecturer in Physics – Advanced Legal-Dynamic Metrology Job vacancy

Lecturer in Physics – Advanced Legal-Dynamic Metrology  

Job in

UK

Science, Engineering

HRODC Postgraduate Training Institute requires the services of a Mechanical Engineer, to fill the Associate Position of Lecturer and...

Skills Needed: The job requires:
1. The ability to function effectively in a Professional Setting;
2. Knowledge and skills in course and programme design and delivery;
3. Willingness to learn to function in an academic environment
4. Desire to Deliver Short Courses, Intensive Full-Time and Full-Time Programmes
5. Commitment to Deliver Courses and Programmes on Proximity (Classroom Based) and Video-Enhanced On-Line Line Modes;
6. The ability to function effectively in a Professional Setting;
7. Desire to acquire knowledge and skills in course delivery;
8. Ability to adjust to working in an academic environment;
9. Ability to create PowerPoint Presentations;
10. Ability and willingness to undertake International Travel;
11. Willingness to undertake associated administrative duties;
12. Familiarity and competence in relevant contents, concepts and issues exemplified by the following:

Module 1 (Double Credit)
Legal, Dynamic and Deterministic Metrology: Metrology with ISO 9000 Conformity, Leading to Diploma – Postgraduate in
Legal, Dynamic and Deterministic Metrology: Metrology with ISO 9000 Conformity (Double Credit)


M1 -  Part 1 – Requirements of ISO 9000 Standards for Test and Measuring Equipment

Introduction to, and Relevance of, Metrology
 Three Subfields of Metrology;
 5 Factors Affecting the Accuracy of the Measuring System;
 Importance of Metrology in International Trade;
 Quality Control – Metrology as a Means to Achieve;
 Objectives of Metrology.

Exploring Fundamental Concepts of Metrology

 Measure and Influence Quantity;
 True Value of Quantity;
 Nominal Value and Conventional True Value;
 Process of Measurement;
 Methods of Measurement;
 Measuring System;
 Errors in Measurement;
 Accuracy and Precision.

ISO 9000

 Evolution of ISO 9000 Standards;
 Requirements of ISO 9001: 2000;
 Main Phases Involved in Obtaining ISO 9000 Certification.

M1 - Part 2 – Exploring Fundamental Concept of Metrology

 Calibration of Measurement and Test Equipment;
 Recalibration or Calibration Intervals;
 Recalibration or Calibration Intervals Requirement;
 Sealing Adjusting Mechanisms;
 Handling and Storage of Test Measuring Equipment;
 Managing Calibration Data;
 Documenting Calibration Result;
 Uncovering Out-of-Calibration State.

M1 - Part 3 – Linear and Angular Measurements

Length Measurement

 SI and Other Units;
 Primary Standard;
 Secondary and Working Standards;
• Measuring Machines;
• Gauge Blocks.
 Length Measuring Instruments;
 Surface Plate;
 Outside Micrometre;
 Inside Micrometre;
 External and Internal Vernier Calipers;
 Dial Gauge;
 Bore Gauge;
 Depth Gauge;
 Height Gauge;
 Tapes;
 Laser Measuring Systems;
 Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM).

Calibration of Dimensional Standards and Measuring Instruments

 Effect of Temperature;
 Deformation;
 Force Exerted by the Measuring Instrument;
 The Method of Support of the Test Item;
 Reference Conditions;
 Reference Standard;
 Calibration of Gauge Blocks;
 Calibration of Micrometres;
 Calibration of Vernier Callipers;
 Calibration of Dial Gauge;
 Calibration of Ring Gauges;

Angular Measurement

 SI and other Units;
 Angle Standards;
• Plane Angle;
• Sine Bar;
• Indexing Table;
• Precision Polygon;
• Angle Gauge;
• Autocollimator.

 

M1 - Part 4 – Mass Measurements (1)

Mass Measurements

 Primary Standards and SI Units;
 Secondary and Working Standards;
 Mass and Weight;
 True Mass;
 Air Buoyancy Effects and Apparent Mass;
• Reference Materials;
• Conventional Mass Value;
• Relationship between True Mass and Conventional Mass;
• Buoyancy Correction.

Types and Classes of Mass Measurements

 Types of Masses;
 Classes of Mass Standards;
 OIML RI-47 Classification;
 ASTM Classification;
 Types and Classes of Balances;
 Two-Pan, Three Knife Edge Balances;
 Single-Pan, Two Knife Edge Balances;
 Electromagnetic Force Compensation Balances;
• Taring Control;
• Dual Capacity and Precision;
• Variable Sampling Period;
• Filters;
• Computer Compatibility;
• Computation;
• Elimination of Poor Data;
• Weighing Ferromagnetic Material;
• Electromagnetic Radiation;
• Dust Susceptibility.
 Mass Comparators.

M1 - Part 5 – Mass Measurements (2)

Industrial Weighing Systems

 Mechanical Systems;
 Electrical Systems;
 Pneumatic Systems;
 Hydraulic Systems;
 Accuracy Classes of Balances.

Calibration of Balances

 Precision Balances;
 Calibration of Direct Reading Electronic Precision Balances;
 Setting Scale Value;
 Repeatability;
 Linearity;
 Off-Centre Loading Effect;
 Hysteresis.

M1 - Part 6 – Pressure Measurements

Introduction to Pressure Measurements

 SI and Other Units;
 Absolute, Gauge and Differential Pressure Modes;
 Primary Standards;
 Spinning Ball Gauge Standard;
 Secondary Standards;
 Working Standards;
 Dead Weight Pressure Tester;
 The Pressure Balance;
 Simple Theory of the Pressure Balance;
 Corrections;
 Temperature Correction;
 Air Buoyancy Correction;
 Fluid Buoyancy Correction;
 Fluid Head Correction;
 Surface Tension Effects;
 Portable Pressure Standard;

Pressure Measuring Instruments

 Mercury Barometers;
 Fortin Barometer;
 Kew Pattern Barometer;
 Precautions for Handling of Mercury Barometers;
 U Tube Manometer;
 Mechanical Deformation Instruments;
 Bourdon Tube Gauge;
 Diaphragm Gauge;
 Piezo Electric Devices.
 Indirect Instruments;
 Thermal Conductivity Gauges;
 Ionization Gauge;
 Bayard Alpert Gauge;
 Penning Gauge;

Calibration of Pressure Standards and Instruments

 Reference Standard;
 Test Uncertainty Ratio;
 Reference Conditions;
 Local Gravity;
 Range of Calibration;
 Recalibration Interval;
 Pipework and Tubing;
 Pressure Medium;
 Instrument Adjustment;
 Calibration of Working Standard Dead Weight Pressure Testers;
 Cross Floating;
 Estimation of Uncertainty;
 Calibration of Vacuum Gauges.

M1 - Part 7 – Measurement of Force

Introduction to Measurement of Force

 SI and Other Units of Measurement;
 PRIMARY Standard;
 Secondary Standards;
 Lever or Hydraulic Force Standard Machines;
 Proving Ring;
 Load Cell;
 Universal Calibrator.

Force Measuring Instruments

 Characteristics of Force Measuring Devices;
 Strain Gauge Load Cell;
 Principle of Operation;
 Elastic Element;
 Resistance Strain Gauge;
 Foil Strain Gauge;
 Semiconductor Strain Gauge;
 Thin Film Strain Gauge;
 Wire Strain Gauge;
 Instrumentation;
 Hydraulic Load Cell;
 Pneumatic Load Cell;
 Elastic Devices;
 Capacitive Load Cell;
 Optical Strain Gauge;
 Magnetic Transducer;
 Vibrating Strings Transducer;
 Piezoelectric Transducer;
 Linear Variable Differential Transducer.

Calibration of Force Standards and Test Instruments

 General Considerations;
 Reference Standard;
 Test Uncertainty Ratio;
 Reference Conditions;
 Range and Scope of Calibration;
 In Situ or Laboratory Calibration;
 Recalibration Interval;
 Verification of Tensile and Compressive Testing Machines;
 Documentary Standards;
 Reference Standard;
 Temperature Equalization;
 Conditioning of the Testing Machine;
 Application of Test Forces;
 Data Analysis;
 Classes of Testing Machine Range.
M1 - Part 8 – Measurement of Temperature

Introduction to Measurement of Temperature

 SI and Units;
 Primary Standards;
 Secondary Standards;
 Working Standards;
 Multifunction Calibrator;
 Output Drift;
 Burden Current;
 Compliance Voltage;
 Protection;
 Output Noise;
 Process Calibrator;

Calibration of a Multifunction Calibrator

 Verification of Calibrator;
 Adjustment of Calibrator;
 Calibration of Multimeters and Other Instruments;
 Analogue Multimeters;
 Types of Digital Multimeters;
 Handheld Type;
 Bench Type;
 Laboratory Type;
 General Calibration Techniques;
 DC Voltage Range;
 AC-DC Converter;
 Resistance Converter Calibration;
 Calibration of Current Converters.

M1 - Part 9 – Electrical Measurement Standards

 SI Units;
 Primary Standards;
 Quantized Hall Resistance Standard;
 Calculable Capacitor;
 Secondary Standards;
 Capacitance and Inductance;
 Working Standards;
 Calibration of a Multifunction Calibrator;
 Calibration of Multimeters and other Instruments;
 Types of Digital Multimeters.

M1 - Part 10 – Uncertainty of Measurements

 Recommendations of the ISO Guide;
 Types of Evaluation;
 Expanded Uncertainty;
 Examples of Uncertainty Calculations;
 Estimation of Combined Standard Uncertainty;
 Effective Degrees of Freedom;
 Calculation of Uncertainty. 

Module 2
Accelerometers: Their Design, Function and Calibration Course, Leading to Diploma – Postgraduate – in Design, Function and Calibration of Accelerometers


M2 – Part 1: Accelerometers: Their Design Principles and Application (1)

 The Concept of Force;
 Distinguishing Between Inertia of Rest and Inertia of Motion;
 The Concept of Speed;
 Speed and Velocity;
 Acceleration and Speed;
 Exploring Accelerometers;
 Accelerometers as a Motion Detectors;
 Accelerometers and Acceleration;
 The Principle of Acceleration Measurements;
 Accelerometers and Velocity Measurements;
 Importance of Accelerometers in Legal Metrology;
 Design Criteria of Accelerometers.


M2 – Part 2: Accelerometers: Their Design Principles and Application (2)

 Use of Accelerometers in Gun-Launched Projectile Guidance;
 Use of Accelerometers in Missile Guidance and Flight Control;
 Use of Accelerometers in Missile Safe-and-Arm;
 Use of Accelerometers in Aircraft Flight Test
 Use of Accelerometers in Launch Vehicle Load
 The Function of Accelerometers in Digital Phones;
 The Use of Accelerometers in Fibre Optics;
 The Use of Accelerometers in Navigational Equipment and Guidance Systems;
 Accelerators as Shock Detectors;
 Accelerometers and Signal Processing:
 The Function of Accelerometers in Smartphones.

M2 – Part 2: Development and Types of Accelerometers

 B&K Hand Held Accelerometers;
 Capacitive accelerometers;
 Pendulous Accelerometers;
 Piezoelectric (PE) Accelerometers;
 Piezoresistive (PR) Accelerometers;
 Resonant Accelerometers;
 Servo Accelerometers
 Thermal Accelerometers
 Tunnelling Accelerometers;
 Unbonded Strain Gage Accelerometers;
 Variable Capacitance Accelerometers;
 Variable Capacitance (VC) Accelerometers.


M2 – Part 3: Calibrating Accelerometers

 Calibration by Minimum-Point Method Laser Interferometry;
 Calibration by Sine-Approximation Method Using Quadrature Laser;
 Interferometry;
 Summary of Uncertainties;
 Performance;
 Super Shaker Characterization.
 Using a Reference Accelerometer to Calibrate Accelerometers;
 Use of Laser as a Calibrating Reference for the Calibration of Accelerometers;
 Using a Handheld Calibrator to Calibrate Accelerometers;
 Back-To-Back Calibration;
 Portable Vibration Calibrator;
 Using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Traceable Double-Ended Calibration Standard Accelerometer;
 Using Electrodynamic Shakers to Calibrate Accelerometers;
 Mass Loading Compensation during the Calibration of Accelerometers;
 Calibrating Low Frequency Accelerometers

M2 – Part 4: The Use of Shakers in the Calibration of Accelerometers


 Description of the Shaker Assembly;
 Moveable Magnet Assemblies;
 Moving Element and Carriage Description;
 Shaker Operation;
 Shaker Performance Tests;
 Calibration by Reciprocity;
 Calibration by Laser Fringe-Counting Interferometry;
 Use of Sinusoidal "Shaking Table" to Calibrate Accelerometers;
 Using Portable Pulse-Type Calibrators for the Calibration of Accelerometers;
 Commercial Accelerometer Calibration Workstations;
 Calibration of Accelerometers


M2 – Part 5: Errors and Error-Minimisation in Accelerometers

 Errors Caused by Variation in the Output Frequency;
 Errors generated by Recording Circuits;
 Errors resulting from Nonlinearity of Output, resulting from
 Variation of Applied Acceleration at a Fixed
 Frequency;
 Error Resulting from Response to Accelerations
 Applied in A Direction Transverse to The Axis of The Accelerometer

Module 3
Advanced Specifications and Tolerances of Standards, and Weights and Measures Program Requirements and Assessment

M3 – Part 1: Advanced Specifications and Tolerances of Standards (1)

 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F) – 1990;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Measuring Flasks – 1996;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Graduated Neck Type Volumetric Field Standards – 2010;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Anhydrous Ammonia Liquid Volumetric Provers – 2010;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Stopwatches – 1997;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Thermometers – 1997;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Dynamic Small Volume Provers – 1997;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Weight Carts – 2003;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F) – 1990.

M3 – Part 2: Advanced Specifications and Tolerances of Standards (2)

 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Measuring Flasks – 1996;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Graduated Neck Type Volumetric Field Standards – 2010;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Anhydrous Ammonia Liquid Volumetric Provers – 2010;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Stopwatches – 1997;
 Specifications and Tolerances for Thermometers – 1997.
 Specifications and Tolerances for Dynamic Small Volume Provers - 1997
 Specifications and Tolerances for Field Standard Weight Carts - 2003

M3 – Part 3: Weights and Measures Program Requirements and Assessment (1)

 The Commercial Measurement System;
 Weights and Measures Laws and Regulations;
 The Regulatory Function of Weights and Measures;
 The Complexity of Weights and Measures Regulation;
 Standards and Units;
 Uniform Laws and Regulations;
 Measuring Instruments (Device) Regulation.


M3 – Part 4: Weights and Measures Program Requirements and Assessment (2)

 Type Evaluation Program;
 Weighmaster Law;
 Method of Sale Regulation;
 Packaging and Labelling Regulation;
 Voluntary Unit Pricing Regulation;
 Registration of Service Companies;
 Price Verification Program;
 Open Dating Regulation;
 Fuel Quality Laws.

Module 4
The Role of the Metrology Laboratory in Maintaining Standard

M4 – Part 1 – Standards and Roles

 Physical Standards;
 Calibration;
 Traceability;
 Recognition and Accreditation of Laboratories;
 Roles of Organizations and Officials;
 The Role of the Fuel Quality Laboratory;
 The Role of Manufacturers of Measuring Instruments;
 The Role of Consumer Product Manufacturers;
 The Role of Service Companies;
 The Role of Weights and Measures Officials.

M4 – Part 2 – General Laboratory Operation and Management

 Location of Weights and Measures within an Organization;
 Program Scope;
 Program Management;
 Administrative Functions;
 Budget;
 Data Management;
 Uniform Test Procedures;
 Communication Programs;
 Strategic Planning;
 Management Responsibilities;
 Program Funding and Fees;
 Issues in Obtaining Funding.

M4 – Part 3 – Managing The Regulatory Environment

 Scheduling Work Assignments;
 Knowledge and Training;
 Evaluation of Inspector Performance;
 Alternative Approaches to Regulatory Control;
 100 % Device Inspection;
 Variable Frequency Inspections;
 Risk-Based Device Inspections and Statistical Sampling;
 Integrating Government and Private Sector Inspections;
 Delegating Inspection Responsibilities to Private Companies;
 Witnessed Testing;
 Record System;
 Analysis of Data;
 Examples of Analysis for Retail Motor-Fuel Dispensers;
 Industry Relations;
 Benchmarking.

M4 – Part 4 – Reviewing Exemplars of Instruments and Evidence (1)

 Components of Weights and Measurements Laws;
 Measurement Activities and Instruments;
 Retail Motor Fuel Dispenser Rejection Codes;
 NCWM Device Category Codes;
 Measurement Traceability;
 Inspector Performance Evaluation – Scales;
 Inspector Performance Evaluation - Liquid Meters;
 Comparison of Inspectors’ Annual Time;
 Retail Motor Fuel Dispenser Flow Deliver Error Rate;
 Retail Motor Fuel Dispenser Compliance Rate by Manufacturer;
 Noncompliance by Rejection Code, 2006;
 Retail Motor Fuel Fast Flow Error Rates, 2006:

Training;
Facilities;
Equipment;
Standards.
 Advanced LAP Problems;
LAP Problem;
LAP Problem 2;
LAP Problem 3.

M4 – Part 5 – Reviewing Exemplars of Instruments and Evidence (2)

 Establishing Measurement Controls:
Process Evaluation;
Data Input;
Handling the Output.
 Reviewing Mass Code Report;
 Graphs and Control Charts:
Critical Graphs;
Optional Graphs.
 Proficiency Tests;
 Evaluation Criteria for Proficiency Tests;
Verification of Laboratory Values;
Verification of the Laboratory Precision.
 File Management;
 Software Management:
Distribution;
Licensing and Software Quality Assurance;
Updating;
Approved Weighing Designs.
 Documentation of Standard Operating Procedures;
 Traceability and Calibration Intervals;
 Formulae and Calculations.

M4 – Part 6: Some International and National Metrology Laboratories and Their Contribution to Legal Metrology Standards

 Centre for Metrology and Accreditation (MIKES), Finland;
 European Association of National Metrology Institutes (EURAMET);
 European Legal Metrology (WELMEC);
 Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS), Switzerland;
 International Bureau of Weights and Measures, international body, headquartered in France, one of the bodies that governs SI;
 International Organization of Legal Metrology;
 Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology;
 Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Republic of Korea;
 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA, formerly the National Bureau of Standards;
 National Measurement Institute, Australia;
 National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom);
 National Physical Laboratory of India;
 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesansta;
 Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany.

Module 5
Specifications and Tolerances for Reference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures: National Institute of Standards and Metrology (NIST) and National Conference on Weights and
Measures (NCWM) Compliant

M6 – Part 1: Preliminary Issues

 ‘Field Standard’ Classification;
 Retroactivity;
 Safety Considerations;
 Relevant Units;
 Reference Documents;
 National Institute of Standards and Metrology (NIST): Its History and Function;
 The Remit of the National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM).

M6 – Part 2: Terminology and General Specifications (1)

 Pertinent and Definitive Terminologies;
 Weight;
 Materials;
 Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance;
 Design;
 Identification Plate;
 Power;
 Fuel Tank;
 Hydraulic Fluid System;
 Engine Lubricating Oil System;
 Engine Exhaust;
 Tires;
 Wheel Bearings.

M6 – Part 3: Terminology and General Specifications (2)

 Minimum Wheelbase and Track Dimensions;
 Drainage;
 Weight Restraint;
 Weight Cart Transport;
 Lifting Attach Points;
 Adjustment Cavities;
 Brakes;
 Directional Controls;
 Battery;
 Battery Charging Circuit;
 Routine Lubrication;
 Electrical Power Connections;
 Remote Operation.

M6 – Part 4: Understanding and Using Tolerances

 Interpreting and Working with Table of Tolerances;
 Verification Requirements;
 Legal Requirements;
 Initial Verification;
 Periodic Calibration;
 Traceability;
 Calibration Reports;
 Test Methods: Documented Test Procedure.
M6. Part 5: Uncertainties and User Requirements

 Use In Combination With Test;
 Weight Cart Maintenance;
 Weight Cart Maintenance Log;
 Inspection Checklist Verification;
 Weight Cart Cleanliness;
 User Modifications;
 Licensing of Weight Cart Operators;
 Liquid Fuel Powered Weight Cart Configurations;
 Electrically Powered Weight Cart Configurations;
 Example Fuel Tank Drawing;
 Daily Weight Cart Inspection Checklist.

Module 6
European Association of National Metrology Institutes’ (EURAMET) Guides: International Metrology Standards Integration or Disintegration?


M6 Part 1: Legal Metrology and The European Directive (1)


 2004/22/EC vs. OIML R 99-1 & 2 - 2008;
 An Application of Directives 75/106/EEC and 76/211/EEC concerning the marking and quantity control of e-marked prepackages: Translation of terms;
 Application of Directives 75/106/EEC and 76/211/EEC concerning the marking and quantity control of e-marked prepackages: Definition of terms;
 Directive 90/384/EEC - Explanation and Interpretation;
 Directive 90/384/EEC: Common Application;
 Elements for deciding the appropriate level of confidence in regulated measurements.

M6 Part 2: Legal Metrology and The European Directive (2)

 European Directory of Legal Metrology;
 General and Administrative Aspects of the Voluntary System of Modular Evaluation of Measuring Instruments;
 Guidance for Market Control on Prepackages For Competent Departments;
 Guidance for Prepackages whose Quantity Changes after Packing;
 Guidance for the Harmonised Implementation of Council Directive 76/211/EEC;
 Guidance for the Verification of Drained Weight, Drained Washed Weight and Deglazed Weight and Extent of Filling of Rigid Food Containers;
 Guidance on Controls by Competent Department’s on “e” marked Prepackages;
 Guidance to the application of Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC (MID) on measuring instruments;
 Guide for Common Application of Marking of Fuel Dispensers;
 Guide for common application of MID MI-005 and
OIML R117-1, (R81, R80, R139).

M6 Part 3: Measuring Instruments Guide (1)

 Guide for Conversion of NAWI (Indicators) Test Results for AWI Purposes;
 Guide for Examining Software;
 Guide for Load Cells;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Application of Module H1;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Area Measuring Instruments Corresponding Tables OIML R 136-1 2004– MID-009 III;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Automatic Gravimetric Filling Instruments Corresponding Tables OIML R 61-1 2004 – MID-006 III;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Automatic Rail Weighbridges Corresponding Tables OIML R 106-1 1997– MID-006 VI;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Capacity Serving Measures Corresponding Tables OIML R 138 2007 – MID-008 II;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Continuous Totalisers Corresponding Tables OIML R 50-1 1997– MID-006 V;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Discontinuous Totalisers Corresponding Tables OIML R 107-1 1997– MID-006 IV;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Gas Meters.

M6 Part 4: Measuring Instruments Guide (2)

 Corresponding Tables OIML R 137-1 2006– MID-002;
 Guide For Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Heat Meters Corresponding Tables OIML R 75-1 and R 75-2 2002 – MID-04;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Length Measuring Instruments Corresponding Tables OIML R 66 1985– MID-009 II;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Multidimensional Measuring Instruments Corresponding Tables OIML R 129 2000 - MID-009 IV;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Taximeters Corresponding Tables OIML R 21 2007 – MID-007 II;
 Guide for Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC,
Common Application for utility meters;
Guideline on time depending consumption measurements for billing purposes (interval metering);
 Guide for Modular Approach and Testing of PCc and other Digital Peripheral Devices;
 Guide for Notified Bodies performing Conformity Assessment of Measuring Instruments;
 Guide for Pattern Examination;
 Guide for recognition of procedures;
 Guide for Sealing of Fuel Dispensers (Measuring Systems for Liquids other than Water);
 Guide for sealing of Utility meters;
 Guide for Testing Indicators.

M6 Part 3: Guide to Testing Electronic Calculators and Automatic Catchweighing Instruments

 Guide for Testing of Electronic Calculators with Conversion Function and Conversion Devices;
 Guide for Testing Point of Sale Devices;
 Guide for the testing of automatic catchweighing instruments;
 Guide for the use of an alibi recording device (printer or memory) in Measuring Systems for Liquids other than Water;
 Guide for Exhaust Gas Analyser Cross Reference Table;
 Guide on Directive 75/107/EEC Measuring Container Bottles;
 Guide on evaluating purely digital self-service devices for direct sales to the public;
 Guide to Metrological Devices for Transferring Measured Quantities (DTMQ) associated to bottom loading measuring systems;
 Market Surveillance Guide (NAWI and MID);
 Measuring Instruments Directive (2004/22/EC): Common Application – Capacity Serving Measures (CSM);
 Measuring Instruments Directive (2004/22/EC): Guide for generating sampling plans for statistical verification according to Annex F and F1 of MID 2004/22/EC;
Guide For Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Water Meters Corresponding Tables OIML R 49 2006 and R 49-2 2004 – MID-001;
 Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC - Assessment of Notified Bodies Designated for Module F based on EN ISO/IEC 17020.

M6 Part 3: Automatic Catchweighers, Quality System, Software, Uncertainties and Risk Assessment Guides

 Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC Automatic Catchweighers; Corresponding Tables OIML R 51-1 2006 – MID-006 II;
 Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC, Application of Module B;
 Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC, Application of Module D;
 Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC, Assessment of Notified Bodies in Charge of Type Examination Presumption of Conformity based on EN 45011;
 Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC, Generalities on the Assessment and Operation of Notified Bodies performing Conformity Assessment;
 Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC, Presumption of Conformity of the Quality System of Manufacturers with Module D or H 1 when EN ISO 9001:2000 is applied;
 Measuring system for the continuous and dynamic measurement fo quantities of liquids other than water - Cross Reference Table 2004/22/EC vs. OIML R 117-1 – 2007;
 Prepackages - Uncertainty of Measurement;
 Risk Assessment Guide for Market Surveillance: Weigh and Measuring Instruments;
 Software Guide (Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC);
 Software Requirements on the Basis of the Measuring Instruments Directive (MID);
 Terms and definitions in MID and their relation to terms defined in other international metrologically relevant documents;
 Volume conversion devices Cross Reference Table 2004/22/EC vs. OIML R 140 – 2007.
Module 7
Calibrating Temperature Measuring Instruments and Calibrators, in Legal, Dynamic and Determinist Metrology Course, Leading to Diploma – Postgraduate – in Calibrating Temperature Measuring Instruments and Calibrators, in Legal, Dynamic and Determinist Metrology (Triple Credit)


M7. Part 1 – Temperature Measurement Principles

 Thermistors and their Function;
 The Principles of Thermistors as Temperature Sensors;
 Practical Applications of Thermistors;
 Temperature Measurement as an Issue for Metrologists;
 SI and Units;
 Primary Standards;
 Secondary Standards;
 Working Standards;
 The International Temperature Scale - 1990 (ITS-90);
 Thermometers and Thermocouples as Temperature Measuring Devices;
 Differences between Thermometers and Thermocouples;
 Temperature-Sensitive Resistance Vs Voltage Generation;
 How are Readings from Thermometers Made?

M7. Part 2: Thermometer Types and the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) (1)

Types of Thermometers
 Contact Thermometers
 Non-Contact Thermometers

Contact Thermometers
 Contact Liquid-in-glass Thermometers;
 Contact Electrical Thermometers:
• Contact Electrical Resistance Thermometers;
• Contact Electrical Thermocouples

Features of Contact Thermometers
 Advantages of Contact - Liquid-In-Glass Thermometer
• Simplicity and Stability;
• Portability;
• Low Cost.

 Disadvantages of Contact - Liquid-In-Glass Thermometer
• Limited accuracy and temperature range covered
• Requires visual reading and is not easy to automate
 Main Features of Thermocouples:
• Simple;
• Rugged in Protective Metal Cables;
• Small;
• Inexpensive;
• Wide Temperature Range.

M7. Part 3: Thermometer Types and the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) (2)

Non-Contact Thermometers
 Infra-Red Radiation Thermometers
 Use of Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers Between Fixed Points, and Varied Range Points on ITS-90;
 Exploring Temperature Range, from the Triple Point of Hydrogen, at 13.8033 K, to the Freezing Point of Silver, at 961.78 °C;
 Exploring Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRTs);
M7. Part 4: Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) Compared with Thermocouples and Thermistors.

 Thermocouples: Their Properties, Use and Limitations;
 Thermistor Types;
 Thermistor Output Circuits;
 Thermistors’ Value
 Thermistors’ Suitability for Use;
 Limitations of Thermistors’ Use in Thermometry;
 Analysis of the Use of Copper as a Resistance Temperature Detector;
 Nickel-Iron as a Resistance Temperature Detector;
 Nickel as a Resistance Temperature Detector;
 DIN Nickel as a Resistance Temperature Detector;
 The Place of Platinum as a Resistance Temperature Detector.

M7. Part 5: Calibration of Temperature Measuring Instruments

 Exploring Temperature Calibration;
 Multifunction Calibrator;
 Output Drift;
 Burden Current;
 Compliance Voltage;
 Protection;
 Output Noise;
 Process Calibrator;
 What is a Reference Thermometer or Standard Thermometer?
 Deconstructing Temperature Calibration;
 What is involved in Temperature Calibration
 Temperature Sensors and their Calibration;
 Uncertainties Associated with Temperature Calibration;
 Using Temperature Reference Thermometers for Temperature Measuring Instrument Calibration;
 Using Temperature Reference Baths for Temperature Measuring Instrument Calibration.

M7. Part 6: High-Precision Temperature Measuring Instrument Calibration: Field, Laboratory and Fixed-Point Temperature Calibration (1)

Field Temperature Calibration
 Industrial or Portable Temperature Calibration;
 Thermometers Being Tested Outside of A Laboratory Environment,
 Aiming at Temperature Accuracies of 5 °C to 0.5 °C;
 Calibrating Using Dry-Wells;
 Calibrating with Metrology Wells;
 Using Micro-Baths;
 Using Ir Targets;
 Using Other Portable Heat Sources for Temperature Calibration;
 Using Portable Thermometer Readouts as Reference Temperatures;
 Using Thermometer Standards as Reference Temperatures;
 Comparing The Accuracy of Heat Sources with Portable Thermometer Readouts and Temperature Standards

M7. Part 7: High-Precision Temperature Measuring Instrument Calibration: Field, Laboratory and Fixed-Point Temperature Calibration (2)


Laboratory or Secondary Temperature Calibration:
 Calibration of Reference-Grade PRT or PT-100,
 Precision Thermistors,
 Noble-Metal Thermocouples.
 Ultra-stable Temperature Baths;
 Uniform Temperature
 Horizontal Furnaces (for the High Temperatures needed by Thermocouples);
 SPRT Reference Thermometers;
 high-accuracy thermometer readouts.
 Towards Temperature Calibration Accuracies of 0.5 °C to 0.02 °C.

M7. Part 8: High-Precision Temperature Measuring Instrument Calibration: Field, Laboratory and Fixed-Point Temperature Calibration (3)

Fixed-Point or Primary Temperature Calibration;
 Using Fixed-Point Cells for Temperature Calibration,
 Using Triple Point of Water,
 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) temperature Range Selection;
 Using Noble-Metal Thermocouples to 0.001 °C Calibration Accuracy
 Industrial Temperature Calibration
 Automatic Temperature Calibration;
 Industrial Temperature Calibration: Traceable Calibration
 Temperature Calibration Software.

M7. Part 9: Temperature Calibration Uncertainty (1)

 Deconstructing Measurement Uncertainty;
 Distinguishing Measurement Error from Uncertainty of Measurement;
 Methods for Determining Measurement Uncertainty;
 Expressing Uncertainty of Measurements;
 The Monte Carlo Method That Is Used to Assess Uncertainty;
 The Effect of the Environment On Temperature Measurement Uncertainty,
 The Effect of Air Pressure On the Temperature Measurement Uncertainty;
 The Effect of Humidity On Temperature Measurement Uncertainty;
 The Uncertainty of Radiation Thermometers;
 Example of Temperature Uncertainty Calculation;
 Uncertainties Components Linked to Reference Standard;
 Uncertainties Linked to Instrument Under Calibration;
 Uncertainties Linked to Data Acquisition for Temperature Calibration;
 Uncertainties Components Linked to Temperature Bath;
 Combined Standard Uncertainty in Temperature Calibration;
 Using Dry Block to Calculate the Total Uncertainty of Temperature Calibration.

M7. Part 10: Temperature Calibration Uncertainty (2)

 Using an External Reference Sensor for the Calculation of the Uncertainty of Temperature Calibration;
 Deconstructing Metrology Wells;
 Uncertainty of Metrological Wells;
 Uncertainty of the Reference Thermometer Inputs of Metrological Wells;
 Axial Uniformity of Metrological Wells and its Implications for Temperature Calibration;
 Continuing Stability of Metrological Wells;
 Stem conduction Error in Metrological Wells;
 Uncertainty of Air Temperature Measurements;
 New Generation Temperature Sensors for Reduced Temperature Uncertainty Levels;
 Equipment Developments: Improving Temperature Measurement Accuracies;
 Improving Short-term Stability During Calibrations;
 Improving Chamber Uniformity During Calibrations;
 Using of A Sub-Chamber to Reduce Fluctuations Associated with Climatic Chamber Control Cycles.

M7. Part 11: Platinum and Platinum Resistant Thermometers (PRTs) 1

Platinum (Pt)


 Platinum and its Physical Characteristics:
• Color;
• Luster;
• Transparency;
• Cleavage;
• Fracture;
• Hardness;
• Specific Gravity;
• Streak;
• Tenacity.

 The Chemical Properties of Platinum:
• Atomic number;
• Atomic mass;
• Electronegativity according to Pauling;
• Density;
• Melting point;
• Boiling point;
• Vander Waals Radius;
• Ionic Radius;
• Isotopes;
• Electronic Shell;
• Energy of first Ionisation;
• Energy of Second Ionisation.

 Platinum and its General Uses:
• In Electronics and Scientific Apparatus.
• As Jewelry.
• In Dentistry.
• As Catalyst in Petroleum Refining.
• In Car Exhaust Anti-Pollution Devices.
• In Platinum Resistance Thermometers.
 Platinum Properties Lending to its use in Thermometers.

M7. Part 12: Platinum and Platinum Resistant Thermometers (PRTs) 2

 Platinum Resistant Thermometers (PRTs);
 Temper Measurement Range of Platinum Resistant Thermometers (PRTs)
 Using Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometer (SPRT) Calibrations
 Resistance Values of Platinum Resistant Thermometers (PRTs) and their Temperature Measuring Capabilities:
• Thermometers with Pt100 Temperature Probes;
• Thermometers with Pt500 Temperature Probes;
• Thermometers with Pt1000 Temperature Probes.
 Wire Core of Platinum Resistance Thermometers and it Significance for Error Creation or Elimination;
 The Dual Core (2-wire) Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs);
 The Triple Core (3-wire) Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs);
 The Quad Core (4-wire) Platinum Resistance Thermometers (PRTs);
 BS EN 60751 Colour Coding for the Wiring PRTs.

M7. Part 13 - Types of Standard Platinum Resistance Thermometers (SPRTs): Their Configuration and Use:

 The Helium-Filled Capsule-Type (cSPRT) Thermometers;
 The Long-Stem SPRT;
 Special High-Temperature SPRTs.
 Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer Sensors;
 The Place of Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) Thermistors in Resistance Thermometers.

M7. Part 14: Pyrometers and Their Role in Temperature Measurements

 Guiding Principles of Pyrometry;
 Advantages of Pyrometers in Temperature Measurements;
 Types of Pyrometers:
• Optical pyrometers;
• Infrared / Radiation Pyrometers.

M7. Part 15 - Radiation Thermometry (Infrared Thermometry/ Radiation Pyrometry): Its Use, Problems and Solutions

 Advantages of Infrared (IR) Thermometers;
 Determining Emissivity in IR Temperature Measurements;
 Measuring Metals with IR Thermometers;
 Measuring Plastics with IR Thermometers;
 Measuring Glass with IR Thermometers;
 Measuring Ambient Conditions with IR Thermometers
 Measuring Optics with IR Thermometers;
 Measuring Windows with IR Thermometers
 Detectors
 Displays and Interfaces of IR Thermometers;
 Disadvantages of Radiation Pyrometers:
• Simultaneous dependence on Surface Temperature and its Emissivity;
• Emissivity Dependent on The Material Type and Its Surface Condition;
• Error Caused by Radiation Emission by heated Objects and Lighting on Object Surface;
• Imperfections in The Optics Used to Focus the Radiation On the Detector Might Obscure the Field of View, resulting in Calibration Error.
Use of Special Pyrometers

 The Principles and Use of Fiber-optic Pyrometer Thermometers;
 Understanding and Using Ratio Pyrometer Thermometers.
 Errors Inherent in Resistance Thermometers.

M7. Part 16 –  Non-Contact Thermal Imaging and Thermography: Analysis Of Its Thermal Imaging Application

 Use in Surveillance;
 Night Vision Aid;
 Search and Rescue
 Building and Land Surveying
 Aircraft and Missile Tracking
 Ideal for Detecting Hot Spots Due to Failure in Electrical Equipment;
 Immensely Important in Electronic Circuits;
 Use in Non-Contact Medical Infrared Thermography.


M7. Part 17: Positive and Negative Features of 2-Dimensional Radiation Thermometers

 Fixed Installations,
 Portable Devices;
 Hand-Held devices;
 Attributes for Long Focal Distance;
 Focal Orientation Towards Close Objects;
 Improved Affordability;
 Thermal Measurement Accuracy;
 Highly Accurate Temperature Measurement;
 Prone to The Emissivity Error;
 Subject to Reflected Radiation Error;
 Source-Size Error.

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